Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is defined as the process of acquiring and analysing data from on-board sensors to evaluate the health of a structure. It represents a transition from programmed to predictive maintenance activities. SHM methodologies, as opposite to traditional NDI techniques, are based on a sensor network integrated/permanently bonded to the structure where the inspection process can be automated, without disassembly, thus providing large savings in expected maintenance costs. This key aspect requires improvements in different disciplines such sensing systems, structural dynamics, damage knowledge, monitoring strategies design, signal processing, feature extraction, pattern recognition, intelligent data collection, data analysis, structural design and certification and scale experiments development, among others.